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is such a .description'of them that any one" my invention and construct ovens similarly.

parts are so arrangedrlatirely with each .ers; and to illustrate this pointmore-fnllyl chiefly the portions that are constructed-cf fire-brick only, lenvin g the exterior walls to be "built according to the pleasure "ofth'efcon' structers. i

- the middle of the oven; Fig. 2, a 1( ingitu dinal section through the.- center of the archand a chamber. liig. 3"represen'ts an exteriot-view illustrations, andthose parts'sh'aded in blue represent the fire;hrick. y I

' The'coriyertingcham'ber Ais formedv of fireflatiis'e. The sldes'a'reonly the thickness of a width of fire brick, usually about four inches;

ilrirren sum.

WILLIAM A. swnn'i, on]

Peres? thin-inn.

sraaeu'sn, New some.

usenevemssr ihi evens Foe cost ntities Essa-1m swe t.

' Specification forming part iii-Letters Patent-No,,4ii,@?@, dated. January 1865.

T0 aZZ whamiit may concern:

, Beit known that. I, W. A, SWEET, of the citycf Syracuse, county ei Onondaga, and 'Statefof. new York, have. invented, certain new antlyusefulImprovements in Ovensfor Centerting Iron into Steel; and the following skilled in such matters may, in connection with the.nccompanyingflrawings, which form apartof nay-specification, readily understcmi other that allcidinary repairs are easily made with out disturbing the external walls or bind.-

have had the drawings. made to .reuresent Figure 1 represen ts a vertical section through partial elevation of one sideof theccnverting of the upperipdrtion of-one en'dcf the oven when completed and the arch of fire-brick and the converting-chamber when open. Fig; 4 is apartig-l plan of one side .of ,the convertingchamber and one side of'th'e' fleeting-furnace," as would be seen through the line a b, Fig. '1. Fig.5 is a section of Fig. -1. through a d.

Like letters refer to like parts in all the brick exclusively, and the. bottom and sides .are of equal thickness, the bricks in the bottom' being set on ed'geor two thicknesses laid The form-ofthe chamber is not veryimpor. j taut, more than to be convenient for the workmen to enter it with ease. I have made mine that are now in' operation large enough to hour from ten to sixteen tonsof iron, and they are about three times as high as they are wide and 'abouttwice'as'long as they are high.

The bottom-oi said chamber rests upon two thicknesses of fire-briciz,laid, as shown in Fig. 5, in such a menner'that openings .or spaces H will be formed-between the chamber and 7 its foundation, said; spaces communicating with theheating-furneses atboth sides, and so that the heat from the furnaceswill pass into said spaces or deadh'oles under .the bottom of the 'charncen lfhe furnaces and grates g g extenii' along each side of the base supporting the chemberfA, and from endvtoend 'of the oven, having openings L, also for the admission of fuel, at each end, making I therehythur peiutswhere fuelis supplied.

The longitudinal line of fire-brick, as seen at. B, Fig. 5, prevents the draft from passing through fromone' fire-space orheating-furnace to the other., Consequently the heatprocluced on one side is confined to that side; The grates g are placed just far enough ,lbe; K

low the dead-holes H underneath the chamber A. to give space for the fuel below the holes,

so that they may not hefilledup thereby, and

also that thelower corners of the-oven .on

elm her A will. be in close proximity to thehea ing-furneces. The sides ofthe chamberA are raised pernendicularly from the Base to the arch D; butthe walls O 0, Fig: 1,-are iii-J clined. inward from their haseto their top, so as to press the. heat, as itrises from the grate, more closely upon the chamber. This contracting of these firespsces S S, I find to he of great importance, as .it assists in giving an squat temperature along {the sides of ofth'ecouvertin g=chamben I The arch D, over the chamber A, 'springs'from the outer wall, 0 (hand covers over the fire space S S as well as the chamber A. Consequently the walls of the chauiberare only built up to the arch, as

shown at 0 a, Figs. 1 and. 3, but not combinedwith it. Finding, however, a tendency in the side walls to press in at' the top, 1 have depressed at row of the arch-Brick on each. side downward, asshown at 0'0, Figs. 1 and 3, so

.asto form ribs 'aggainst' which the inner edge it the uppercourseef the chamber-wells" can 2 i y v y shave rest, and thus resist any force which may'drive them inward, and yet leave them free from the arch, so that they can be taken down and repaired at pleasure. At the top of the chain oer-walls, as at 0, Figs. 1,2, and 3-, openings are made from the outer fire-spaces S' S hrough said wallssinto the chamber A, and

openings of similar-pro portio m' are" also" formed in the center of the arehD, as atp, communicating with a longitudinal flue, R, at the middle of which is the outlet toihe chim neys Z. Through. said openings the smoke and unabsorbed heat pass oft and the req= uisite draft for the grates is produced throughthem. a .F

To stay the sides of the chamber A, vI have built 'in'nu'merou's studsof' fire-brick in the walls, as at M, Fig. 1, which reach across the,

fire-spaces and abut "against each other,

therebypreventing the fire-spaces from closing'together from either side, and yet they also serve as reverberators-or deflectors of the heat inits ascent from the grates.

l have found by experimentin my last furnaces that the introduction of angular projections or boshes,as shown at M M, Fig-p1, in the outer walls of the fire-spaces and one level with the dead-holes H H, &c,, formed by putting'the brick. over the furnaces for threefor four courses, and inward to about half thewidth cit-he grates, has amostbeneficial cheat in projec'tingflthe heat'into the dead-holes or underneath the chamberA, and

at the same time they produce a great saving ofi'ueh-"at least from one to two .tonsof coal in asixteen-ton oven. When the ovenjis in operation, I observe, on looking in at the furnace-doors L, Figs. 1,4, and 5,-th'at" these bjo'shes f impart a rolling or reverberatory action to'the flame, and that ainore thorough combustion, and consequently a savingoi fuel,

reproduced. y

l I 1m n befobserved atFig. 2, that the 0 st ings o ,o o 0' and p p p,le adin'g from the fire-. spaces tothe fine B, arediminished in size from end of the ,oven tolthejcenten This con statutes: animportant featurein'n'iy oven, as it causes. the heat, that wouldnaturall y converge to the center to be more evenly distributed alengithe sides, andproduces fthe' san'i e tem'. 1 eraturea-t the ends as'in'the middladepend ing, oif course, upon the ihcrenjse of draftat the ernislf h ,flavin g'thii's Egiveh, briefly", the points' of j strncticn,--it may perhaps be. added that the iron to be converted is placed in the chamber;- A in layers," along withthe' proper substances to make steel, and the mass is raised to within' about one foot of the arch D. The ends are then closed with masonry as high or a little above the iron, leaving still small openings underneath thearch. Through-these openings I introduce a layer, some five or six inches in depth, of coal ashes and sand, which covers the massfieompletely and excludes the external,

air; The holes are then closed and the fun. 1 fnace isready for firing or heating up.

The firing is kept up continually for from five to eight days, varying, of course, witlrgtlie quality and size of the iron andthe do of conversion required. When the operation is completed, the f urnace has to cool down before? the charge. can be removed,.and where huge? masses of masonry are deemed necessary for strength much time ,is lost in waiting for the; reduction of the temperature, and .fuel. and: time both in raising it;but my method on.. viates these objections, and since my. second? charge I have not been ab leto detect any'dit;

ferencein thedegreeot'the conversion through out the entire mass, other than is due to the quality of the iron. All parts of the converting-ehamberappear to be very evenly heated, and with-little waste of time orexpense in rephirs,

. -V to 13';

Having thns described myinvention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters-Patent,

' ll. f'llhe combination-end arrangement ot the heating-furnaces with the converting-chain} berA', substantially as described. 7 2. The dead-holesll, in combination with the heatingffurnaces and chamber A.

3. The boshes or angular projections M M, as related to the bottom of the chamber A and the dead-holesH.

' ,4. Gradually diminishing the fire-spaces S S from the boshes M Mto the openings -o o '0 at thejtopof the chamber A}; r

5. Theopenings, o o 0 o 0110 ppfisubstantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

a 6, Supporting-theupper edges of the'charnher walls from external pressure, substantially as described,and for the purposes set-forth..i.s p a WILLIAM ALSWEET.

. WitnesseS: v

S. H.-SLossoN, t

STANLEY B ee 

